Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world. Because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist. In this article, we will discuss the immunity causes of infertility.
I. Definition
Malfunction of immune system interferes with the reproductive processes including the inflammation to cells. These natural processes are vital for preparation of ovulation, implantation of a embryo ( malfunction of immune system may cause abnormal endometrial lining) and production of sperm quality and quantity (Malfunction of immune system may cause antibody attack his own sperm), etc.
II. How immune system causes infertility
1. Sperm agglutination
Sperm agglutination is a condition in which sperms clumping together due to infection or antibody reaction because of immune system attacking the sperm thereby, reducing the sperm ability to fertilize the egg and increasing the risk of infection.
2. Testicular injure
Testicle injure caused by what ever reason may increase the risk of immune system attacking the man's sperm due to inflammation and infection.
3. Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer is defined as abnormal cells growth caused by inability of immune system failure to regulate cells duplication, become cancerous in the testicle leading to poor sperm count and decreasing the risk of fertility. Researchers believe men with poor quality of sperm production is considered as high risk to develop testicle cancer than others who do not.
4. Antisperm antibody
Antibody is an chemical made by our body to help the immune system to identify foreign invasion such as bacteria and virus. In case of anti sperm antibody, the immune system attacks fetus and the sperm which interferes the sperm quality, movement and sperm cervical invasion resulting in increasing the risk of infertility for women and men alike.
5. Pyospermia
Pyospermia is condition in which high levels of white blood cell count exists in the sperm. It is caused by infection of sexual transmitted disease somewhere in the body. Sometimse such infection may cause the immune system recognizes the sperm as an invader and kill it.
6 Aniphospholipid antibody
It is defined as a condition in which a class of protein attacks an early development of pregnancy.
8. Antinuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibody is antibody directed against contents of the cell nucleus leading to miscarriage caused by immunity disorder.
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